Window structure



' Feb. 8, 1944. I B.-.|. TRILLER ,3

' vwnmow STRUCTURE Filed April 17, 1941. 3 Sheets-Sheet l fizveru or:[Triller Feb. 8, 1944. 5 J. TRILLE R wmnow swnucmm Filed April 17. 19413 Sheets-Sheet 2 open position.

Patented Feb. 8, 1944 UNITED STATES ?ATENT OFFICE WINDOW STRUCTUREBenjamin J. Triller, Dubuque, Iowa Application April 17, 1941, SerialNo. 388,921

4 Claims.

The invention relates to improvements in window structures and moreparticularly to Window structures of the horizontal sliding sash type.

One object of the invention is to provide an improved window structureof the above general character which is simple and sturdy inconstruction, adapted for complete assembly at the factory and capableof being installed with a minimum of labor whereby actual cost to theuser is materially reduced.

Another object is to provide a horizontal sliding sash type windowstructure which is more nearly weather tight than windows of this typeas heretofore constructed.

Still another object is to provide a window structure of the slidingsash type in which the cooperating elements of the frame and sash areformed and arranged to provide for drainage toward the outside thuseffectually preventing moisture from entering and collecting in theinterfitting parts of the frame.

A further object is to provide a window structure of the horizontalsliding sash type on which storm sash and screens may be hung withconventional hardware without interfering with the opening and closingof the window.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a window structure inwhich the sash can be installed and from which it can be removed with aminimum eifort thus facilitating initial installation and subsequentcleaning of the window.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent fromthe following detailed description of the preferred embodimentillustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the improved window structure asviewed from the outside.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the window structure taken in a verticalplane substantially along line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a sectional view similar to Fig. 2 but on a larger scaleshowing the manner in which the sash is removed from the frame.

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view'taken along the line 44 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view of i the window structure taken onthe line 5-5 of Fig. 3 showing both sashes in closed position.

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view similar to Fig. 5 showing theintermediate position of the shiftable sash in its movement toopen'position.

Fig. '7 'is a fragmentary sectional view similar to Fig. 6 but showingthe shiftable sash in full Fig. 8 is a detail view of a combined stopand guide member for the shiftable sash.

Fig. 9 is a detailed perspective view. of the combined supporting shoeand stopfor the shiftable sash.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of the window structuretaken along the line it-Hl of Fig. 1.

While the invention is susceptible of various modifications andalternative constructions, I have shown in the drawings and will hereindescribe in detail the preferred embodiment, but it is to be understoodthat I do not thereby intend to limit the invention to the specific formdisclosed but intend to cover all modifications and alternativeconstruction falling within the spirit and scope of the invention asexpressed in the appended claims.

In carrying out the invention I provide a window frame 9 adapted to beinstalled in a building or the like in the conventional manner to definea generally rectangular window opening. The frame is fitted with aplurality of sashes, at least one of which is slidable horizontallyacross the opening and another of which is shiftable bodily transverselyof the plane of the opening to provide a clear path for the slidablesash. The arrangement is such that the sashes are disposed in abuttingrelation in a common plane to effectually close the opening. To open thewindow the shiftable sash is moved from the common plane into a parallelplane spaced outwardly therefrom so that the companion sash may be movedhorizontally a distance sufficient to uncover substantially half of thewindow opening.

In the particular embodiment illustrated, two sashes are provided,namely, a sliding sash I0 anda shiftablesash I l. Each sash is of thegenerally rectangular form most frequently used in conventional buildingstructures but other shapes can be used, of course, if desired. Toprovide a tight closure'the sashes are formed with complementaryabutting side edges preferably having interfitting grooves or rabbets asindicated at l2 and I2 (Figs. 5-'7) adapted to interlock when the windowis closed. A sash lock L of any suitable character may be utilized forlatching the sashes together in tight engagement. Conventional handles Hare provided on. opposite sides of the shiftable sash to facilitate themovement of this sash between open and closed positions.

The frame 9, in the preferred form illustrated, is constructedsubstantially entirely of standard shape and can therefore bemanufactured without the expense of producing specially designed parts.Thus the frame comprises a conventional downwardly sloping sill l3,spaced side jambs It and a head jamb l5 secured together to define agenerally rectangular opening. A conventional casing is provided for theoutside of the frame including the usual blind stops it at each side anda blind stop I! at the top of the frame. A cap 18 is secured to theframe above the blind stop il.

On its inner side the frame is provided with conventional trim includingthe usual stool Eli (Figs. 2 and 3) adjacent the inner edge of ti e sillwhich forms an upstanding shoulder or abutment 2! for engagement withthe lower edges of the sashes. An inside stop strip 22 (Figs. 24)attached to the head jamb l5 provides a similar abutment for engagementwith the upper edges of the sashes. At each side of the frame insidestops 23 in cooperation with parting strips 26 attached to the sidejambs I l define inwardly facing channels for the reception of the outerside edges of the respective sashes. Conventional spring type weatherstrips fitted in the channelsprovide a weather tight seal between theside edges of the sashes and the frame.

To guide the slidin sash Ill in its horizontal movement across theWindow opening and to provide a weather tight joint between the sash andthe sill, a guide strip 30 is extended entirely across the windowopening. This strip is formed with an upstanding rib or flange 3!engaging in a downwardly facing groove 32 in the lower edge of the sash.A stop strip 33 (Figs. 2-4) attached to the head jamb I5 at one side ofthe window opening cooperates with the inside stop 22 to confine theupper edge of the sliding sash against transverse movement.

The shiftable sash H instead of being grooved along "its lower edge forthe reception of the guide flange 31 is rabbeted as at 3 1 (Figs. 2 and3) so that the sash may be moved laterally of the strip as well aslongitudinally thereof. The vertical shoulder provided by the rabbetabuts against the rib 3| when the sash is in closed position and thusacts to provide a weather tight joint therewith.

The guide strip 3!) ma be of any suitable character and, as hereinshown, is formed of sheet metal such as spring bronze with alongitudinal fold definingthe rib 3i and providing lateral flanges forattachment to the sill. It will be observed (Figs. 2 and 3) that theouter flange of the guide strip and the portion of the ill to which itis attached, are inclined outwardly so I as to automatically dischargerain water outside the building. This is advantageous in preventingentry of rain below the sash thereby excluding moisture from the jointsof the frame and mate rially prolonging the life of the windowstructure.

A conventional spring time Weather strip -35 engages the upper edges ofthe sashes when in closed position to provide a weather tight joint atthe top of the window. In the exemplary window structure the weatherstrip is attached to a rail 35 secured in a longitudinal groove 3". inthe head jamb F5. The weather strip and rail are divided at one side ofthe center of the frame as indicated at 36' (Fig. 4) and the longer ofthese sections is removably secured to the head jamb while the other maybe permanently attached thereto. The rail normally acts to hold thesashes in assembled relation with the frame and the removal of thelonger section presents a sash receiving channel which permit-s eonvenient disassembly of the sash from the frame as will appear presently.

To permit the sliding sash H) to be moved horizontally across the frameto the open position shown in Fig. 1, it is necessary to displace theshiftable sash I I from its normal closed position in which it isdisposed in the same plane as the sliding sash (see Fig. 5). The presentinvention provides a frame and sash structure whereby this displacementis effected by a combination 0f movements under guidance of the frameitself and without requiring the installation of a track or the like.More particularly, the construction permits movement of the shiftablesash to a plane spaced outwardly from the common plane and parallelthereto. This outward movement of the shiftable sash is an importantfactor in making the window structure weather tight as it enables thecooperating parts of the frame and sash to be inclined so as to drainoutwardly. Moreover, it permits the use of standard weather strippingaround the entire window opening thereby insuring a tight fit betweenthe sash and the frame at all points.

In its outward movement, the 'shiftable sash "ii is supported and guidedat its lower edge by a pair of supporting shoes attached to the sill 13.As herein shown, the supporting shoes are alike, each consisting of aflat base 40 and an upstanding flange 4| (Fig. 9) over which the sash isadapted to slide. The base portion of the shoe is perforated so that itmay be fastened to the 'sill by screws or the like. The flange 4! ispreferably tapered to conform to the angle of inclination of the sillwhereby the upper edge is disposed in the same horizontal plane as theraised portion of the sill upon which the sash rests when in closedposition (see Fig. 3). the shiftable sash is maintained in substantialhorizontal alinement with the sliding sash when in open position. Thisimproves the general appearance of the window structure and avoids theuse of depending fittings to hold the sash in place. Metal bearingmembers herein shown as elongated staples 42 are driven into the loweredge of the sash to ride over the edges of the shoes and. thus reducewear on the sash. Outward movement of the sash is limited by the blindstop I? engaging the upper edge of the sash. and by suitable stops 43formed on the supporting shoes engaging the lower edge of the sash. Thestops '43 may be conveniently formed integrally with the flanges 4| ofthe shoes as shown in Fig. 9.

When the sash I l is in closed position its outer side edge is disposedin the channel formed by the inside stop 23 and the parting strip 24 toprovide a weather tight seal at the side of the window. Before the sashis shifted outwardly, the side edge portion must be withdrawn from thechannel sufficiently to clear the parting strip 24. This is accomplishedby grasping the center handle H and rocking the sash about a verticalaxis adjacent its outer side edge into the inclined position shown inFig. 6. The shoe 40 disposed adjacent the center of the frame supportsthe inner or swinging side of the sash in this rocking movement and thusprevents the sash from binding in the frame.

While in the inclined position, the ,sash :is moved edgewise to theright by means of the handles. A guide and stop device 45 in the form.of a staple-like member of heavy wire or bar stock bent into theconfiguration shownfin Thus,

8, cooperates with the lower edge of the sash to guide it in thismovement and to limit the extent of the movement. To this end the stopmember is driven into the sill so that its main body portion 45' lies ina horizontal plane disposed between the lower edge of the sash and thelease of the rabbet 34. A forwardly bent sec tion 45 of the member isthus positioned for engagement by the lower edge portion of the sash asshown in Fig. 1, whereby edgewise movement of the sash to the left, asviewed in this figure, is interrupted.

At its upper edge the sash is similarly guided at one side by anangularly disposed shoulder 46 (Fig. 4) defined by a suitably shapednotch in the end of the stop strip 33. The shoulder 46 is locateddirectly above and in substantial alinement with the body portion of themember 45 so that the sash is maintained in a vertical plane during itsmovement to the open position. The notch in the strip 33 also defines astop shoulder 46' (Fig. 4) substantially alined with the stop section45* of the member 45, the shoulder and stop member thus cooperating toprevent canting of the sash when in open position.

The upper edge of the sash H is guided at its other side edge during theedgewise sliding movement by the beveled end portion of a block M (Figs.4 and 10) secured to the head jamb H at that side of the frame. As willbe seen by reference to Figs. 3 and 10, the block 44 is of substantiallythe same thickness as the strip 33 and presents a squared end portion Min opposed relation to the stop shoulder 56' and spaced therefrom by thewidth of the sash to provide clearance for swinging the same to openposition.

The sash H is swung into open position after the edgewise movement abovedescribed by pivoting about a vertical axis adjacent its inner sideedge. In this movement, the outer or swinging side of the sash issupported by the shoe 40 located adjacent the side jamb which, aspreviously stated, has its bearing edge disposed in the same horizontalplane as the portion of the sill upon which the sash rests when inclosed position. It will be apparent, therefore, that canting of thesash in its movement to open position is effectually prevented. The sashis shown in the open position in Fig. '7 wherein it will be noted thatthe sash is disposed outwardly of the plane of the window opening butsubstantially parallel thereto. Flat springs 48 fixed to the head jambl5 frictionally engage the upper edge of the sash to yieldably hold itin the open position and to prevent vibration or chattering. With theshiftable sash so positioned a clear path is provided for the slidingsash l6 which may accordingly be moved horizontally into the positionnormally occupied by the sash H.

It will be observed that the shiftable sash ll when in open position andin its movements to and from that position is at all times disposedinwardly of the blind stops it and IT. Accordingly storm sash or screensmay be installed on the frame in the conventional manner and withconventional hardware and fixtures without interfering in any way withthe opening and closing of the window. Moreover, as shown in Fig. '7,sufficient clearance is provided between the outer side jamb of theframe to accommodate the usual stay rods or the like employed with stormsash and screens and to leave these stay rods readily accessible frominside the window.

iii)

' As will be seen by reference to Fig. 5, the sashes I0 and II when inclosed position are disposed in a common plane with the abuttingrabbeted edges I2 and i2 held in interlocking engagement by the latch L.A weather strip 4'l attached to one sash effectually seals the jointbetween the sashes. Weather strips 25 engaging the outer side edges, andweather strips 35 engaging the upper edges of the respective sashes aspreviously described insure weather tightness at all these points.Weather tightness at the bottom of the frame is insured by the flangedstrip 3EI.

The frame 9 of the improved window structure may be completely assembledat the factory and shipped as a unit to the place at which it is to beinstalled since no sash weights or counterbalancing mechanisms arerequired. To avoid breakage of glass and to facilitate handling, thesashes are preferably packed separately from the frame and are assembledtherewith after installation of the frame in a building. The assembly ofthe sashes in the frame is an extremely simple operation. For thispurpose one section of the rail 36, that is, the longer section isdetached from the head jamb l5, leaving the groove 37 open. The backwall of the groove is undercut, as shown in Fig. 3, so that the upperedge of a sash may be inserted therein when the sash is inclined ortilted inwardly to the position shown in broken lines in Fig. 3. Thegroove is of sufficient depth to allow the lower edge of the sash toclear the stool 20, whereby the sash may be swung into a verticalposition and then lowered to the normal position shown in full lines inthe drawings. The slidable sash is inserted in the frame first and thenmoved to its outer position whereupon the second sash may be inserted inthe frame in the same manner. After both sashes have been assembled inthe frame, the slidable sash I0 is moved into its closed position toexpose the groove 39 and the section of the rail 36 is replaced therein.Removal of either sash from the window is effectually prevented as 1ongas the rail remains in place. In this connection it should be noted thatthe rail 36 is accessible for removal only from the inside of thewindow.

The ease of assembly and disassembly makes it practical to remove thesash from the frame for washing, painting or other attention. To removea sash from the frame one section of the rail 36 is detached from thehead jamb as above described. The sash to be removed is then shiftedupwardly into the channel thus provided until its lower edge clears thestool 20, and is then swung outwardly to the position shown in brokenlines in Fig. 3. A slight downward movement withdraws the upper edge ofthe sash from the channel and thus frees the sash for removal from theframe. Reinsertion of the sash is effected in the same manner as theinitial assembly above described.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that the invention provides anovel window structure presenting important advantages in manufacture,installation and use. The novel arrangement for assembling the sash inthe frame permits installation and removal of sash with extreme easerequiring only the temporary removal of one section of the locking strip36. Since the sash can be installed in this convenient manner andfurther, since there are no sash weights or counterbalancing mechanismsto be installed,

the frame structure including weather stripping can be assembledcompletely at the factory. This is desirable because of the moreeflicient Working conditions that can be maintained under suchcircumstances and it likewise contributes to reduction of labor costs.Another important factor in reducing costs is the simplicity ofconstruction and the use throughout of standard structural shapes andhardware.

The factory assembly of the frame structure contributes further savingsin building operations by eliminating the waste which is always presentwhen the workmen are required to cut and fit the frame parts on the job.It also materially speeds up construction by eliminating these timeconsuming operations.

The improved window structure has the at tractive appearance of acasement type window Without the disadvantages of the latter. Thus, withapplicants structure, conventional hardware may be utilized for hangingscreens and storm sash without interfering with the opening and closinof the indow. In this connection it should be noted that the attractiveappearance is maintained when the window is opened since the shiftablesash is moved to the outside and maintained in the same horizontal planeas the sliding sash. Both sashes are effectually guided in theirrespective movements and accidental displacement is prevented, yeteither or both sashes can be quickly and easily removed for washing,painting, or other attention.

Of even greater practical importance is high degree Weather tightnessprovided by the improved window structure. Thus, by reason of the novelmanner in which the cooperating parts of the frame and sash areinterrelated, efficient weather stripping may be applied around theentire periphery of each sash. Moreover, grooved and rabbeted sectionsof the framing are faced so that drainage is automatically directedtoward the outside of the Window. Thus, even though the window may besubjected to driving rain, entry of water into the joints of theframework is effectually prevented. This, of course, materially prolongsthe useful life of the window structure by protecting the same fromconditions favoring the decay of wooden structural elements.

I claim as my invention:

1. A Window structure comprising, in combination, a frame defining anopening, a sliding sash supported in the frame for horizontal movementacross the opening, a shiftable sash supported in said frame and adaptedto lie in a common plane with said sliding sash to close the opening,said frame and said shiftable sash being formed to permit the latter toshift outwardly from said common plane to provide a clear path formovement of the first sash, and means on the frame for yieldably holdingsaid shiftable sash in its outer position.

2. In a window structure, the combination of a frame comprising a headjamb, side jambs and a sill, a plurality of sashes supported on saidframe, at least one of said sashes being mounted for horizontal slidingmovement and another of the sashes being mounted for limited movementtransversely of the path of said one sash to provide a clear path forthe same, a member on the sill providing an abutment for engagement withlower edge of each sash, and a stop member on the head jamb effective tohold the sash in operative relation with said abutment, said memberhaving a, section adapted for convenient removal whereby either sash maybe lifted to clear the abutment on the sill for removal from the frame.

3. In a window structure, in combination, a frame defining a generallyrectangular opening and including a. downwardly and outwardly slopingsill, a plurality of sashes dimensioned to fit into said frame inedge-to-edge relation and in a common plane to close the opening, meansproviding an outwardly facing abutment extending around the openingengageable by the inner peripheral edges of the sashes when in closedposition to limit inward movement of the same, one of said sashes beingmounted for horizontal sliding movement in said plane, means on theframe for guiding another of said sashes for pivotal movement about avertical axis and edgewise sliding movement effective to displace thesash outwardly from said plane and thereby provide a clear path for themovement of said one sash, said guiding means including a plurality ofmembers carried on the sill and arranged to support the lower edge ofsaid other sash in a substantially horizontal plane in its outwardmovement over the sloping sill, and stop means cooperative with theupper and lower edges of said other sash to limit the outward movementsthereof so as to maintain the sash in assembled relation with the frame.

4. A window structure comprising, in combination, a window framedefining a generally rectangular opening and including an outwardlysloping sill, a pair of sashes adapted to lie in a common plane adjacentthe inner edge of the sill to close the opening, means on the sides ofthe frame forming channels dimensioned to receive the outer side edgesof the sashes so as to form weather-tight seals with the frame, means atthe top and bottom of the frame operative to guide one of said sashesfirst in a pivoting movement about a vertical axis along its outer sideedge, then in an edgeWise movement to withdraw the sash edge from thechannel and subsequently in a pivoting movement about a vertical axisalong its inner side edge into a plane substantially parallel to saidcommon plane but spaced outwardly therefrom to provide a clear path fora sliding movement of the other sash in said common plane, said guidingmeans at the bottom of the frame including a pair of members extendingtransversely of the sill and presenting a horizontal guide surfacesubstantially in the plane of the lower outer edge of said one sasheffective to hold the sash in cooperative relation with the guidingmeans at the top of the frame throughout the movements of the sash.

BENJAMIN J. TRILLER.

